Aporosa benthamiana Hook.f., lc. Pl. 16 (1887)

Synonyms
Aporosa euphlebia Merr.
Aporusa grandifolia Merr.
Aporosa lunata var. philippinensis Pax & K.Hoffm.
Aporosa lunata var. stipulosa (Merr.) Merr.
Aporosa stipulosa Merr.

Diagnostics
Sub-canopy tree up to 26(-30) m tall and 30(-35) cm dbh. Stipules ca. 13 mm long, asymmetrical, leaf-like. Leaves alternate, simple, penni-veined, glabrous. Flowers ca. 1 mm in diameter, yellowish, placed in racemes. Fruits ca. 16 mm long, orange-red, dehiscent capsule, seed with orange aril.

Description
Tree, up to 30 m high, up to 35 cm diameter. Bark grey, (chocolate) brown, brown-white, or brown-green mottled, smooth or rough, slightly flaky; inner bark brownish, red, pink, yellow, or white. Wood brownish red, ochre, or yellow. Twigs white mottled greenish brown, (sparsely) puberulous. Stipules falcate, 6-20 by 11-37 mm, black disc-like glands along margin beneath, sparsely hairy at base beneath, glabrescent, often persistent. Petiole terete, smooth, 12-28 by 2-4 mm, sparsely pubescent, glabrescent, lower pulvinus 2-4 by 3-4 mm, upper pulvinus 5-11 by 3-6 mm, both distinct. Leaves narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate (to linear elliptic), 14-50 by 4-12 cm; base cordate, basal glands absent; margin subentire to lowly undulate, marginal glands few, small, black, in margin, often indistinct; apex acuminate to cuspidate; blade thick, smooth, shiny, not brittle, drying greenish brown, brownish, or sometimes bluish above, (golden) brown beneath, glabrous above, midrib and nerves sparsely puberulous beneath, glabrescent; dots irregularly laxly set, fine, blackish, fading; disc-like glands regular, distinct, black, along the margin. Nervation: midrib slightly prominent to flat above, prominent beneath; nerves 12-18 pairs, slightly prominent to flat above, prominent beneath, marginal arches distinct, 3-6 mm from the margin; tertiary veins and venation distinct, densely reticulate, slightly prominent to flat above, (slightly) prominent beneath. Inflorescences born on the branches. Staminate inflorescences 6-10 clustered together, 12-35 by 2-4 mm, puberulous; peduncle 2-4 by 1-1.5 mm; bracts broadly triangular, inconspicuous, 0.5-0.7 mm long, hairy outside, glabrous inside; glomerules indistinct, ellipsoid, consisting of more than 10 densely set flowers, 3-6 by 2-3 mm, continuously spaced along apical part of the rachis; pedicel minute. Staminate flowers 1.5-2 mm long; sepals 4 (or 5), elliptic, 0.6-0.8 mm long, connate to c. halfway, sparsely hairy outside, glabrous inside; stamens 2 (or 3), strongly exserted, 1.5-2.5 mm long; anthers 0.1-0.2 mm long, connective glabrous; pistillode cylindrical, c. 0.3 mm long, hairy at apex. Pistillate inflorescences 3-5 clustered together, 6-11 by c. 2 mm, puberulous, flowers up to 15, densely set at upper 3/4 of the rachis; bracts broadly triangular, 0.5-1 mm long, hairy outside, glabrous inside; bracteoles ovate, 0.5-0.7 mm long, sparsely hairy outside, glabrous inside; pedicel 0-0.5 mm long, puberulous. Pistillate flowers 2-4 mm long; sepals (4 or) 5, ovate, patent, 0.7-0.9 mm long, thin, hairy outside, glabrous inside; ovary ellipsoid, 2-4 mm long, 3- (or 4-)locular, smooth, sericeous at base, glabrescent towards apex; stigmas sessile, elongated, flattened to the sides of the ovary, apically bifid to near base, straight, 2-5 mm long, smooth above and beneath, glabrous, style remnant absent. Infructescences 8-23 by 1.5-3 mm, sparsely puberulous; fruiting pedicel 0.5-4 mm long, sparsely puberulous. Fruits ovoid, not stiped, not beaked, 13-18 by 11-18 mm, slightly punctulate to smooth, drying (dark) brown, sparsely hairy, glabrescent; pericarp 0.5-3 mm thick, mostly not fleshy; septae and column glabrous. Seeds 3, half-terete, ellipsoid, 8-11 by 5-8 by 3-4 mm. [from Flora Malesiana: http://www.nationaalherbarium.nl/Euphorbs/specA/AporosaT.htm]

Ecology
In primary, disturbed, and secondary forest; on flat land, hills, or ridges; in lower montane, alluvial, or heath forest. Soil: rich sandy, sandy clay, clay loam, or clay. Altitude: 15-1300 m.

Distribution
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines.

Local names
Borneo Binang, Kayu kadang daun, Kayu masam, Kumpang, Ra.
Peninsular Malaysia Kaun semasak, sebasah (Malay).