Gaertnera vaginans (DC) Merr., En. Born. (1921)

Synonyms
Gaertnera acuminata Benth.
Gaertnera acuminata var. montana Ridl.
Gaertnera acuminata var. oxyphylla (Benth.) Ridl.
Gaertnera borneensis Val.
Gaertnera brevistylis Ridl.
Gaertnera caudata Ridl.
Gaertnera junghuhniana Miq.
Gaertnera koenigii (Arn.) Wight
Gaertnera koenigii var. oxyphylla (Benth.) Clarke
Gaertnera koenigii var. thyrsiflora (Arn.) Thw.
Gaertnera longevaginalis (Hiern) Petit
Gaertnera oxyphylla Benth.
Gaertnera pedicellata Ridl.
Gaertnera ramosa Ridl.
Gaertnera sessiflora Ridl.
Gaertnera sralensis (Pitard) Kerr
Gaertnera taiensis Kerr
Gaertnera thyrsiflora (Arn.) Blume
Gaertnrea zollingeriana Miq.
Grumilea divaricata Thwaites
Ophioxylon arboreum Koenig
Psychotria longevaginalis Schweinf. ex Hiern
Psychotria oxyphylla Wall.
Psychotria sralensis Pierre
Psychotria vaginalis G.Don
Psychotria vaginans DC
Sykesia acuminata (Benth.) O.K.
Sykesia junghuhniana (Miq.) O.K.
Sykesia koenigii Arn.
Sykesia oxyphylla (Benth.) O.K.
Sykesia thyrsiflora Arn.
Sykesia vaginans (DC) O.K.
Sykesia zollingeriana (Miq.) O.K.
Uragoga sralensis Pierre ex Pitard

Note
The synonym Gaertnera junghuhniana Miq., might turn out to be a separate species, in which case all specimens from Borneo belong to this species since the true Gaertnera vaginans (without this synonym) only occurs in Tropical Africa, Madagascar and Sri Lanka.

Description
Shrub up to 6 m tall and 11 cm dbh. Stipules fused, forming a tube around the stem, ca. 9 mm long, often with pointed tips. Leaves opposite, simple, penni-veined, rarely hairy. Flowers ca. 5 mm diameter, white, with long corolla tube, flowers placed in panicles. Fruits ca. 6 mm diameter, blue-purple, berries.

Ecology
In undisturbed to slightly disturbed (open) mixed dipterocarp, keranga, (peat)-swamp and sub-montane forests up to 1000 m altitude. Mostly on hillsides and ridges, but also on alluvial sites and along rivers and streams. Usually on poor sandy soils, but also on clay, limestone and ultrabasic. In secondary forests usually present as a pre-disturbance remnant.

Distribution
Tropical Africa, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Indo-China, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo (throughout the island).

Local names
Borneo: Alad sadik, Api-api, Baruas, Enduropis, Enteburok, Jambu hutan, Jampari, Kopi-kopi, kupi-kupi, Labuk, Lehek bini, Lilingan, Madang, Masintan, Mengkuan hutan, Merpisang, Olah puteh, Peleket, Plekit, Pingan-pingan, Pitaling, Sabar bubu, Sakai, Santan hutan, Sawar bubu, Supat, Supot, Tambar dimidua.