Baccaurea racemosa (Reinw. ex Bl.) Mull.Arg., in DC. Prodr. 15, 2 (1866)

Synonyms
Baccaurea bhaswatii Chakrab. & M.Gangop.
Baccaurea wallichii Hook.f.
Coccomelia racemosa Reinw. ex Bl.
Pierandia racemosa (Reinw. ex Bl.) Bl.
Pierardia racemosa (Reinw. ex Bl.) Miq.

Description
Treelet to tree 3-15(-20) m high, dbh 5-34 cm, buttresses absent; branchlets glabrous to sparsely hairy; young shoots reddish-black to reddish-brown when dry, Terminalia branching pattern well-developed. Indumentum of simple hairs and rarely stellate hairs. Bark whitish to grey to pale brown to fawn when fresh, greyish to brown when dry, up to 3 mm thick, smooth, papery, flaky, soft; inner bark white to yellow to creamy to ochre to brown, 1-2 mm thick, soft. Heartwood yellowish-brown to yellowish-ochre to brown, hard. Leaves: petiole 12-77 mm long, glabrous to sparsely hairy, red to brown when dry; stipules elliptic to triangular, 3-7.5 by 1-1.5 mm, glabrous to sparsely hairy, densely hairy when young outside, glabrous inside, margin ciliate, usually hyaline; lamina (ovate to) elliptic to obovate, 5.8-22 by 2.3-18.8 cm, l/w ratio 2.2-4.6, papery; base cuneate; apex acuminate to cuspidate, up to 25 mm long; upper surface glabrous, sometimes granulate, raised glands usually present, dark green when fresh, (white to green)-brown when dry; lower surface glabrous, rarely densely hairy at veins, discoid glands rarely present, light green when fresh, brown when dry, yellowish green to pink when young: nervation reddish to brown to black when dry; secondary veins 4-10 per side, almost closed at margin; nervation reticulate to weakly scalariform. Staminate inflorescences cauline to just below the leaves, solitary to 5 clustered together, 3-10 cm long, up to 1.3 mm thick, densely hairy, many-flowered, flowers scattered along inflorescence; bracts 3 per branchlet, of which two very small, 0.2-1.1 mm long, persistent, glabrous to densely hairy outside, glabrous inside, margin ciliate, rarely hyaline; branchlets triangular, 0.1-2.5 mm long, densely hairy, (2- or) 3-flowered. Staminate flowers 1-3 mm diam., creamy yellow to white; pedicel 0.4-2.5 mm long, upper part 0.4-1.9 mm long, densely hairy; sepals 4 (or 5), ovate to obovate, 0.9-1.8 by 0.7-1.5 mm, apex usually recurved, densely hairy on both sides; stamens 5-7, 0.5-0.8 mm long, glabrous; ?laments 0.4-0.6 mm long, straight; anthers white, c. 0.15 by 0.2-0.25 by 0.1 mm; disc present or absent; pistillode cylindrical, 0.3-0.9 mm long, densely hairy, hollow. Pistillate inflorescences cauline to axillary, solitary (to few clustered together), 3-28 cm long, c. 1 mm thick, densely hairy, 4-many-flowered, reddish-green when fresh, reddish to brown when dry; pedicel 1-2.9(-6.7) mm long, upper part up to 1.9(-2.5) mm long, densely hairy, green to brown to pinkish; bracts 3 per branchlet, persistent, densely hairy outside, glabrous inside, margin ciliate. Pistillate flowers 3-9.2 mm diam., greenish yellow when fresh; sepals 4 (or 5), obovate to lanceolate, 2-6 by 1-2.7 mm, densely hairy on both sides, indumentum of silvery hairs when dry, caducous; ovary subglobose, 1.5-1.9 by 1.4-1.7 mm, (2- or) 3- (or 4-)locular, velutinous; style 0.2-0.4 by c. 1 mm, velutinous; stigmas c. 0.3 mm long, not lobed, persistent. Fruits (sub)globose, 1-3-seeded, berries or fleshy capsules, 14-30 by 16-25 by 16-25 mm, outer pericarp loculicidally dehisc-ing, inner pericarp not dehiscent, glabrous to sparsely hairy outside, glabrous inside, raised glands present, yellow to orange (to pink to red); pericarp 0.8-4.5 mm thick; column 12-15 mm long, caducous, straight; pedicel reddish when dry, 3-9 mm long, upper part 1-4.5 mm long. Seeds obovoid to ellipsoid, laterally flattened, 9-11.5 by 6.5-9.2 by 2.5-6 mm; testa reddish-purple to blue to black; arillode blue to purple to violet; cotyledons 5-7 by 6-7 by 0.1-1 mm, radicle 0-0.3 mm long. [from Flora Malesiana]

Ecology
In undisturbed, to slightly disturbed, mixed dipterocarp to sub-montane forests up to 1600 m altitude. Common on alluvial sites and freshwater swamps, but also on dry (hillsides and ridges) sites. On sandy to clay soils.

Uses
Fruits are edible, sour to sweet.

Distribution
Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Borneo, Celebes, Moluccas.

Local names
Borneo Engkumi, Kayu masam, Kokonau, Kunau, Kunyi, Longkumo, Moho liox, Tunding undang, Umbarian.
Java Menteng.
Peninsular Malaysia Asam tambun, rambi, tamut, tampoi.
Sumatra Roesip, kisip.