Aporosa lunata (Miq.) Kurz, J. As. Soc. Bengal 42, II (1873)

Latin for 'sickle-moon-shaped'.

Synonyms
Antidesma lunatum Miq.
Bridelia rugosa Miq.

Diagnosis
Sub-canopy tree up to 27 m tall and 35 cm dbh. Stipules ca. 13 mm long, curved. Leaves alternate, simple, penni-veined, large, hairy below, usually with cordate base. Flowers ca. 0.3 mm in diameter, yellow, placed in racemes. Fruits ca. 14 mm long, red-purplish, dehiscent capsules, seeds with aril.

Description
Tree, up to 27 m high, up to 29(-35) cm diam.; buttresses c. 1.5 m by 1.5 cm. Bark pale black, dark brown, reddish, greenish or greyish brown, grey mottled, flaking, cracked, shallowly fissured, or smooth; inner bark greenish, pink, bright red, or red-yellowish brown, soft, granular. Wood whitish (yellow). Twigs green, tomentose. Stipules falcate, 6-9 by 11-15 mm, mostly persistent, black disc-like glands beneath along margin, sparsely hairy. Petiole terete, ridged, 6-20 by 2-2.5 mm, hirsute, lower pulvinus 2-3 by 2-3 mm, upper pulvinus 4-7 by 2-3 mm, both distinct. Leaves narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, 9.5-43 by 3.5-13 cm; base obtuse to emarginate, basal glands absent; margin lowly undulate, marginal glands regular, small, black, in margin; apex acuminate; blade thick, smooth, sometimes slightly bullate, shiny, not brittle, drying bright green to reddish brown above, (light) golden brown beneath, very sparsely hirsute above, midrib (sparsely) hirsute, glabrescent, (sparsely) hirsute beneath; dots irregularly set, fine, grey, fading; disc-like glands present along the margin, many, distinct, black. Nervation: midrib flat to prominent in a furrow above, prominent beneath; nerves 10-14 pairs, sunken above, prominent beneath, marginal arches distinct, 1.5-4 mm from the margin; tertiary veins and venation distinct, densely reticulate to slightly scalariform, flat to sunken above, prominent beneath. Inflorescences axillary or just below the leaves. Staminate inflorescences 3-6 clustered together, 15-33 by 2-3 mm, puberulous; peduncle 1.5-4 by c. 1 mm; bracts not seen; glomerules indistinct, ellipsoid, dense, consisting of more than 10 flowers, spaced continuously along the rachis; pedicel minute. Staminate flowers 1.5-2.5 mm long; sepals 4 or 5, obovate, 0.5-1 mm long, connate to halfway, sparsely hairy outside, glabrous inside; stamens 2 or 3, strongly exserted, 1.2-2 mm long; anthers 0.1-0.2 mm long, connective glabrous; pistillode cylindrical, c. 0.3 mm long. Pistillate inflorescences 2-5 clustered together, 7-27(-45) by 1-1.2 mm, puberulous, flowers up to 15, densely arranged at apical 7/8th of rachis; bracts broadly triangular, 0.4-0.5 mm, sericeous outside, glabrous inside; bracteoles ovate, 0.2-0.3 mm long, sericeous outside, glabrous inside; pedicel 1-1.5 mm long, densely sericeous. Pistillate flowers 2-3 mm long; sepals 5 or 6, narrowly elliptic, patent, c. 1 mm long, sparsely hairy outside, glabrous inside; staminodes erratically 2 or 3 present; ovary ellipsoid, 1.8-2.3 mm long, 3- (or 4-)locular, smooth, (densely) sericeous; stigmas sessile, elongated, apically bi?d to c. halfway, flattened to the sides of the ovary, straight, 2-3 mm long, lowly longitudinally ribbed above, glabrous, smooth beneath, glabrous, style remnant absent. Infructescences 11-33 by 2-4 mm, puberulous; fruiting pedicel 1.5-4 mm long, sericeous. Fruits ovoid, sometimes slightly flask- shaped, not stiped, not beaked, 10-16 by 9-14 mm, punctulate to smooth, sparsely hairy, glabrescent, sour; pericarp 0.5-1 mm thick, not fleshy; septae and column glabrous. Seeds 3, half-terete, ellipsoid, 8-9 by 7-8 by 3-4 mm. [from Flora Malesiana: http://www.nationaalherbarium.nl/Euphorbs/specA/AporosaT.htm]

Ecology
Primary and secondary lowland evergreen forest; on hillsides, ridges, and along river banks; in flat, hilly, and moist land. Soil: sandstone, sandy and rich clay, granitic rock, or granodiorite derived. Altitude: low to 1300 m.

Distribution
Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

Local names
Borneo Bambangan, Banigara, Basaiabok, Kapul burung, Kayu masam.
Sumatra Semasan (abu) (Palembang).