Leptonychia caudata (Wall. ex G.Don) Burrett, Notizblatt Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926)

Synonyms
Binnendykia trichostylis (Miq.) Kurz
Grewia acuminata Bedd.
Grewia caudata Wall.
Grewia heteroclita Roxb.
Leptonychia acuminata (Bedd.) Burrett
Leptonychia acuminata Masters
Leptonychia glabra Turcz.
Leptonychia glabra var. glabra Turcz.
Leptonychia glabra var. mastersiana King
Leptonychia heteroclita (Roxb.) Kurz
Leptonychia moacurroides Bedd.
Paragrewia poilanei Gagnep.
Turraea trichostylis Miq.

Description
Shrub up to 6 m tall and 8 cm dbh. Stipules ca. 4 mm long. Leaves alternate, simple, tripli-veined, usually glabrous undersurface. Flowers ca. 12 mm diameter, green-yellow, placed in small cymes. Fruits ca. 15 mm diameter, green-yellow-brown, dehiscent capsules, exposing black seeds with bright orange-red arils.

Ecology
In undisturbed mixed dipterocarp and (peat)-swamp forests up to 500 m altitude. Usually on alluvial sites and along rivers and streams, but also on hillsides. Also collected on limestone. In secondary forests usually present as a pre-disturbance remnant.

Uses
The roots are used to treat fever and are also used during childbirth. The leaves are used as a poultice for ulcerated noses, and the leaf juice is used as a cooling lotion in fever. Pounded leaves are applied on the stomach against stomach ache.

Distribution
India, Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands, Burma, Indo-China, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo (throughout the island), Philippines.

Local names
Borneo: Karai, Kayu lilin, Mamaliaan, Pakan manok.